Science
1254 verified facts in this category, showing 701–800.
- After the rotavirus vaccine was adopted in the U.S., rotavirus hospitalizations in children dropped by nearly 80%.
- A bicuspid aortic valve can cause an enlarged aorta, a condition called aortopathy, which increases the risk of aortic dissection, a tear in the aorta's lining.
- El Niño is associated with fewer tropical hurricanes in the Atlantic because it strengthens upper-level westerly winds, producing stronger wind shear that can tear apart developing storms.
- Neutrinos are nicknamed 'ghost particles' because they rarely interact with matter.
- Topological insulators were first theoretically predicted in 2005.
- Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that manifests as a form of albinism.
- A 2022 review found intermittent fasting to be more effective for inducing weight loss than continuous calorie restriction.
- A 2023 study of 209 people found that intermittent fasting three days per week could reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity.
- 'Complex contagion' models of belief spread require exposure to several contacts carrying a new belief before an individual adopts it, unlike basic epidemic models that represent beliefs as a single binary variable (present or absent).
- The Operation IceBridge scan data were publicly available, allowing Danish glaciologists to identify the depression beneath Hiawatha Glacier.
- David Deming's economic model proposes that workers 'trade tasks' to exploit comparative advantages, with social skills reducing coordination costs and enabling more efficient specialization and teamwork.
- MSG symptom complex may include a visual aura without a headache, a symptom also associated with migraine aura.
- The glycemic index value of the same food can vary depending on how it is prepared and processed.
- Whole milk has both a low glycemic index and a low glycemic load, but it is high in fat and calories.
- The World Health Organization classified red meat as a probable carcinogen.
- In 1977, the FDA approved caffeine as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) for use in cola-type beverages at a concentration of 0.02%.
- More than 70% of American adults are overweight or obese.
- FEMA Region 10 planned a 2016 exercise called Cascadia Rising based on a hypothetical magnitude 9.0 Pacific Northwest earthquake followed by a major tsunami.
- Delisting is considered possible for 92% of threatened species with recovery plans under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
- A study classified more than 184,000 telencephalic interneurons from ferrets, humans, macaques, marmosets, and mice using Drop-seq high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing.
- Glucocorticoid secretion involves an evolutionary tradeoff: it has protective effects during an ongoing physical stressor but can produce adverse long-term consequences when secretion is excessive.
- Maxwell, Lau, and Howard stated that the large sample sizes typically needed to provide firm evidence in psychology research will almost always require coordinated efforts from multiple investigators rather than a single research team.
- In 2024, the CDC ended its recommendation for a mandatory 5-day isolation period after a positive COVID-19 test.
- In a 2022 randomized clinical trial, participants who followed a calorie-restricted MIND diet for three months scored higher in working memory, verbal recognition memory, and attention than participants in a calorie-restricted control group.
- Eating dinner, sleeping late, and not eating again until lunch the next day can result in fasting for more than 16 hours, even without following a formal intermittent-fasting plan.
- A 2023 research review found that intermittent fasting could harm reproductive health and performance in females of average weight if it leads to insufficient calorie intake, particularly in athletes.
- Cholinesterase inhibitor medications—including donepezil (Aricept, Adlarity), rivastigmine (Exelon) and galantamine (Zunveyl)—may also be prescribed for vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia and Lewy body dementia.
- PET scans can determine whether amyloid or tau proteins, which are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, have been deposited in the brain.
- The FDA recommends a brain MRI before starting lecanemab or donanemab and periodic brain MRIs during treatment to monitor for brain swelling or bleeding.
- The 2022 CDC opioid guideline removed the previous 3-day and 7-day limits on opioid prescribing for acute pain that were in the 2016 guideline.
- Approximately 1 in 14 U.S. adults experienced high-impact chronic pain in 2019, defined as pain on most or every day during the preceding 3 months that limited life or work activities.
- In the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study, the lifestyle-intervention group had fewer cardiovascular disease deaths (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.94; p=0.022) and fewer all-cause deaths (hazard ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.61–0.89; p=0.0015) than the control group.
- Over 30 years, the combined lifestyle intervention in the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study was associated with fewer cardiovascular disease events than control (hazard ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.92; p=0.0060).
- In a specialty clinic study of patients receiving high-dose opioids (defined as 90 MME/day or more) for chronic pain, 44.6% of patients referred for tapering successfully reduced their dose below 90 MME/day, while another 18.8% who could not taper transitioned to sublingual buprenorphine.
- James Kennett, an emeritus geologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, stated that carbon spherules occur throughout the geological record but reach a peak at the Younger Dryas boundary.
- The Younger Dryas period lasted approximately 1,300 years and consisted of freezing temperatures.
- Before radiocarbon dating, dating prehistoric objects from before the 6th century B.C. was largely considered educated guesswork.
- Willard Libby's radiocarbon dates matched the verified ages of the objects he tested, launching the radiocarbon-dating revolution.
- Dramatically lower sea levels during ice ages allow rivers to carve deeper valleys.
- From 1989 to 1992, the joint European Greenland Ice-core Project (GRIP) drilled through 3,029 metres (9,935 feet) of ice at Summit station in east-central Greenland before reaching bedrock.
- Greenland Ice-core Project/Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GRIP/GISP2) ice cores preserve climate records extending back more than 100,000 years.
- Two La Niñas on record occurred two years after an El Niño, with a neutral year in between.
- Excess freshwater from melting ice in Greenland makes North Atlantic water less dense, reducing the AMOC's southward flow and slowing the circulation.
- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change considers an AMOC shutdown during this century unlikely.
- Consuming hard foods can produce distinctive dental microwear patterns.
- Dental microwear analysis compares patterns of pits and scratches on the occlusal or buccal surface of tooth enamel with patterns observed in extant species to infer ecological information.
- Dental microwear analysis is a method used to infer diet and behavior in extinct animals, especially fossil specimens.
- Conservation paleobiology provides baselines for ecological restoration efforts.
- The influence of paleontology on ecological sciences can be traced back to at least the 18th century.
- BICEP and the Keck Array aim to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background to find signals from primordial gravitational waves.
- Particles that interact feebly with matter and have a sufficiently long lifetime can pass through the dump and be detected.
- The Aharonov–Bohm effect is sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect.
- For an adiabatic invariant, as the time taken to vary a system between two end points increases toward infinity, the variation of that invariant between the two end points approaches zero.
- Above-threshold ionization was first observed by Pierre Agostini and colleagues.
- Above-threshold ionization was first observed in 1979.
- Cenograms were introduced in the publication Terre et Vie.
- Paleontology as a field includes analysis of chemical residues left by prehistoric organisms, in addition to physical fossils.
- Fossil tracks left by prehistoric animals are called ichnites.
- Georges Cuvier showed that the life of the past was not necessarily the same as that of the present.
- Ball lightning is distinct from St. Elmo's fire.
- Ball lightning is described as luminescent spherical objects that vary from pea-sized to several meters in diameter.
- Ball lightning is a rare and unexplained phenomenon described as luminescent spherical objects.
- The Erlangen programme, proposed by Felix Klein, characterizes geometries based on group theory and projective geometry.
- The Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem was solved by Leonhard Euler, and his solution is considered the origin of graph theory.
- Fermat's Last Theorem, first conjectured around 1637, was not proven until 1994 by mathematician Andrew Wiles.
- Aspect's 1982 result allowed for further validation of quantum entanglement and locality principles.
- The Antiproton Decelerator decelerates antiprotons to an energy of 5.3 MeV.
- In the Afshar experiment, a grid of thin wires is placed just before the lens on the dark fringes of an interference pattern.
- Japan's FY2013 total greenhouse gas emissions represented a 0.8% increase compared to FY2005 emissions.
- The foreground galaxy NGC 6505 in Euclid's Einstein ring image is 590 million light-years from Earth.
- The HYVET trial was stopped early in July 2007 after 140 strokes and 7399 patient-years of follow-up.
- The INDRA-FAZIA experiment studying nickel isotope collisions was conducted at GANIL in 2019.
- 2024 was the warmest year on record in Japan, with an average temperature anomaly of +1.48°C relative to the 1991-2020 average.
- Health departments using CDC's containment approach conducted infection-control assessments and colonization screening within 48 hours of detecting unusual antibiotic resistance.
- The pivotal paper identifying norovirus was published in 1972 after electron microscopy detected the virus.
- About 1 in 20 U.S. adults age 20 and older—approximately 5%—have coronary artery disease.
- D. Mayo's article identifies a continuing debate over whether data used to construct a hypothesis should be used again to support that same hypothesis.
- A UCSD study published in Neuroreport (Vol. 10, No. 18) in December 1999 found participants performed worse on an arithmetic working-memory task after 35 hours of sleep deprivation than after a normal night's sleep.
- The dwarf galaxy Sextans A lies about 4 million light-years from Earth.
- After removing studies with more than 20% attrition from a weight-loss intervention meta-analysis, the pooled weight difference increased to −3.48 kg for interventions lasting less than 13 weeks and −4.79 kg for interventions lasting 13–26 weeks, with heterogeneity falling to I² = 0% in both groups.
- NASA's Perseverance rover uncovered a rock sample called 'Sapphire Canyon' in July 2024.
- A 2009 study by Todd A. Surovell, Vance T. Holliday, and colleagues, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Vol. 106, No. 43), independently analyzed magnetic minerals and microspherules from seven sites of similar age to test the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis.
- M. Duggan and P. Tressoldi published a 2018 paper updating Mossbridge et al.'s meta-analysis on predictive physiological anticipatory activity preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli.
- The SeaFlow dataset provides continuous shipboard observations of phytoplankton smaller than 5 micrometers in equivalent spherical diameter.
- Researchers combined Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar acquisitions from different lines of sight to produce a high-resolution map of surface displacements on the southern San Andreas Fault.
- Since 2022, the HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) study has included 17-year-olds in addition to the previously studied ages of 11, 13, and 15.
- The FDA requires every replacement color additive, including those derived from plants, to meet the legal safety standard of 'a reasonable certainty of no harm' under its intended conditions of use.
- FDA and EPA used an average body weight of 75 kilograms (165 pounds) for a pregnant woman when calculating fish-consumption screening values.
- The EPA reference dose for methylmercury includes a 10-fold uncertainty factor to account for variability among individuals and groups.
- According to the ninth AIFA report, 28% of adverse event reports concerned men, at a rate of 70 per 100,000 doses administered.
- The 2007 PrISMA study found the observed prevalence of one or more of the assessed mental disorders among Italian children aged 10-14 was 8.2%.
- A study using prescription data from seven European regions found insulin prescription rates in the year before pregnancy ranged from 0.27% in Tuscany to 0.45% in Norway.
- The incidence of renal manifestations in sarcoidosis patients varies between 1% and 20% according to different published studies.
- A 2026 study by Wakimura et al. used nationwide environmental DNA haplotyping to illuminate the range expansion of three invasive black bass species in Japan, published in Environmental DNA.
- The detection of ethanolamine used the IRAM 30-meter radio telescope at Pico Veleta, Granada, and the 40-meter radio telescope at the Yebes Observatory, Guadalajara.
- Diseases of the circulatory system cause more than 9 million deaths annually worldwide.
- Archaeologist Ariadna Svoboda stated that when the team first received the radiocarbon dates, they suspected the samples were contaminated by organic components in the sediment, making the ages appear artificially old.
- A fossil snail found in sediment layers beneath the glyptodont skeleton at the same site was previously dated to about 32,000 years old.
- The Nivellement Général de la France network was re-established by the IGN starting in 1962.
- The Nivellement Général de la France network was re-established by Charles Lallemand starting in the 1880s.