Science
1254 verified facts in this category, showing 801–900.
- In 2001, a previous IGN expedition carrying a gravimeter was stopped by weather at the Vallot shelter before reaching the summit of Mont Blanc.
- Acromegaly is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive human growth hormone in adults.
- The identified potential black holes were observed with the NuSTAR X-ray space observatory to look for radiation from the hottest gas near the black hole.
- The object Sagittarius A* at the centre of the Milky Way has for decades been interpreted as a black hole more than four million times the mass of the Sun.
- The amphipod species Apotectonia senckenbergae was named in honor of Johanna Rebecca Senckenberg (1716-1743).
- Julia Sigwart, who coordinated the assessments for the IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, stated that in 2021 the IUCN voted for a moratorium on deep-sea mining unless all risks are understood and the marine environment is effectively protected.
- The JAMA Neurology study was observational and therefore could not prove that too little or too much sleep causes cognitive problems.
- Research indicates that inadequate sleep impairs the consolidation of procedural memories.
- The Green Status of Species assessment (GSA) was developed by the IUCN to complement the Red List assessment.
- Missing hormone-free pills in a combination birth-control pack does not increase the risk of pregnancy.
- No action is needed if hormone-free pills in a combination birth-control pack are missed.
- If one combination birth-control pill is missed but the person resumes taking pills within 24 hours, the flow of hormones is not disrupted and there should be no increased risk of pregnancy.
- The source advises using backup contraception until a combination birth-control pill has been taken for 7 consecutive days after a missed dose.
- Fermilab's 'Muon g-2' experiment unveiled its first result on April 7, 2021.
- The bacterial genus Vibrio comprises approximately 100 species, about ten of which are pathogenic to humans.
- As of the 2018 analysis, the Orphanet database contained descriptions of 6172 clinically unique rare diseases.
- Rare diseases are commonly defined as conditions affecting about one in 2,000 people.
- A national outbreak of EV-D68 occurred in the United States in 2014, leading to expanded monitoring of the virus.
- Since 2014, the CDC has recorded 692 confirmed cases of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in the United States.
- Mark Margres and Samuel Hirst studied rattlesnakes across 11 uninhabited islands in the Gulf of California.
- Von Willebrand disease is a lifelong genetic bleeding disorder that people are born with, though symptoms may not appear until later in life.
- The Framingham Heart Study enrolled more than 5,000 residents of Framingham, Massachusetts, starting in 1948, and later expanded to include the grandchildren of the original volunteers.
- The average American consumes about 3,400 milligrams of sodium per day.
- Muscles make up about 40 percent of total body weight in most vertebrates.
- The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body and is the main muscle used to help walk upstairs.
- The stomach churns food into tiny particles called 'chyme' before releasing it into the small intestine in small batches.
- Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide.
- Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in the United States.
- About 805,000 people in the United States have a heart attack each year, with 605,000 being first heart attacks and 200,000 occurring in people who already had a heart attack.
- A UCSD study published in Neuroreport (Vol. 10, No. 18) in December 1999 found that participants performed worse on an arithmetic working-memory task after 35 hours of sleep deprivation than after a normal night's sleep.
- A 2023 PLOS ONE meta-analysis identified an optimal exercise regimen for postpartum depression of moderate-intensity exercise 3–4 times per week for 35–45 minutes.
- Cell phones emit non-ionizing radiofrequency radiation, which does not have enough energy to directly damage DNA, unlike the ionizing radiation from X-rays and ultraviolet light.
- The gastric acid suppression medications studied in the Mayo Clinic research included proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and histamine 2 blockers such as ranitidine.
- A radiocarbon dating study by R. E. Taylor, C. Vance Haynes Jr., and others, published in the journal American Antiquity, reportedly found nothing that undermined Monte Verde's dating.
- The ice-free migration corridor emerged east of the Rocky Mountains in present-day Canada.
- Recipients of mechanical heart valves need lifelong blood thinners to prevent blood clots, whereas biological tissue valves made from cow, pig, or human heart tissue break down over time and may eventually need replacement.
- Most people with a bicuspid aortic valve do not develop symptoms of heart valve disease until adulthood, though some infants can have severe symptoms.
- Avinash Kumar is a physicist at Simon Fraser University who built an experimental apparatus to study the Mpemba effect.
- In 2016, Daniel Gilbert, Gary King, Stephen Pettigrew, and Timothy Wilson published a comment in Science arguing that the Open Science Collaboration article contained three major statistical errors.
- A Mayo Clinic study measured brain amyloid deposits with PET scans in 68 women ages 42-59, three years after the trial ended.
- Shifts in the age distribution move the overall U.S. unemployment rate in the direction predicted by a mechanical 'shift-share' model.
- Transitions between employment, unemployment, and non-participation contribute significantly to explaining post-2008 labor-market data in a matching model of the Great Recession.
- Negative duration dependence in the job-finding rate of unemployed workers contributes significantly to a labor market model's ability to match post-2008 unemployment data.
- The FDA says more than 18.5 million people in the U.S. aged 12 or older smoke menthol cigarettes.
- The FDA requires foods with added MSG to identify it on the label because some people may react to it.
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration lists monosodium glutamate (MSG) as safe to eat in typical amounts.
- The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans introduced a first-ever recommendation to limit added sugars to less than 10% of total daily calories.
- In 2013, the FDA made a preliminary determination that trans fats generated from partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) were no longer GRAS, and in 2015 it issued its final determination that PHOs were no longer GRAS.
- The April 2014 Chilean earthquake occurred as the Nazca Plate slipped eastward beneath South America's continental crust.
- NOAA Fisheries and its partners monitor a species removed from the endangered and threatened species list for at least five years afterward to ensure its recovery is sustained.
- In the Central Oregon Community College research seminar, student replication projects are reviewed by assessors both before and after data collection, are shared on a website, and exemplary studies are eligible for research badges.
- A research seminar at Central Oregon Community College requires student teams to complete replication studies supplied by the Collaborative Replication and Education Project, which is associated with OSF.
- In the Reproducibility Project, studies with lower original p values or larger original effect sizes were more likely to be successfully replicated, according to correlational tests.
- The hepatitis B birth dose vaccine had been recommended in the United States since 1991.
- The MIND diet recommends at least three servings of whole grains daily, but only at least one serving of fish per week.
- Following the MIND diet even to a moderate degree has been associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment.
- A 2023 study found that middle-aged adults who closely followed the MIND diet had faster information-processing speeds than adults who did not closely follow it.
- MIND stands for 'Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay,' a diet combining elements of the Mediterranean and DASH diets to reduce the risk of dementia and age-related brain function loss.
- During fasting, insulin sensitivity improves while insulin levels decrease.
- The longest verified human life span on record is 122 years.
- Stage 1 emphysema is diagnosed when FEV1 is at least 80% of the average for a person's age, sex, and height after bronchodilator use.
- If colonoscopy results are good, a person may not need another colonoscopy for 10 years.
- People with kidney disease are advised to use a PEG bowel preparation for colonoscopy to reduce health problems related to fluid and electrolyte loss.
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel-prep kits for colonoscopy can require drinking up to 4 liters of liquid, while oral sodium phosphate kits typically require about 3 liters.
- When bowel preparation for a colonoscopy has worked effectively, the stool should look like urine or clear water.
- Vitamin C and the B vitamins do not build up in the human body and need to be consumed regularly.
- The human body can store vitamins A, D, E, and K, so excessive intake of these vitamins can be problematic.
- Donanemab-azbt (Kisunla) is administered by intravenous infusion every four weeks and can rarely cause a life-threatening allergic reaction and swelling.
- The senolytic drug mixture used in the research combined dasatinib, which promotes death of cancer cells, and quercetin, an antioxidant found in apples and other foods.
- The bladder may become less elastic with age, potentially causing more frequent urination.
- Diuretics, certain antidepressants, iron supplements, diabetes, and pelvic floor disorders can contribute to constipation in addition to age-related changes in the large intestine.
- Approximately 1 in 5 U.S. adults had chronic pain in 2019.
- In the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study, the combined diet-and-exercise lifestyle-intervention group delayed the onset of type 2 diabetes by a median of 3.96 years compared with controls (95% CI 1.25–6.67; p=0.0042).
- Higher daily step counts were associated with lower rates of death from cardiovascular disease and cancer.
- The NIA Interventions Testing Program's lifespan-testing protocol was designed to detect a 10% change in mean lifespan, in either sex, with 80% statistical power when data from as few as two of the three testing sites were pooled.
- In the Di Francesco et al. (2024) study of female mice, the lifespan-extension effect was largest with 40% chronic caloric restriction, followed in order by 20% chronic caloric restriction, 2-day intermittent fasting, and 1-day intermittent fasting.
- In a 2024 study by Di Francesco et al. analyzing 937 female genetically diverse outbred mice, all four tested dietary interventions significantly extended lifespan compared to ad libitum-fed controls.
- The Younger Dryas began at the end of the last Ice Age, approximately 12,800 years ago.
- A team led by David Meltzer of Southern Methodist University rechecked the dates from 29 archaeological sites cited as evidence for a cosmic collision associated with the Younger Dryas.
- Ice-age sea-level declines can expose land bridges between continents that were previously submerged.
- Ice cores contain trapped air bubbles that reveal the composition of ancient atmospheres, including carbon dioxide and methane levels.
- Two La Niñas were the second year of a 'double dip' La Niña event, occurring in 1974/75 and 2011/12.
- Of the 14 La Niñas on record as of 2016, nine immediately followed El Niño years.
- La Niña is officially declared when central-eastern Pacific water temperatures stay at least 0.5°C below average.
- Researchers at the University of California, Riverside analyzed 20 years of AMOC observations and used 100 years of temperature and salinity data to reconstruct earlier ocean dynamics.
- The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) transports warm, salty tropical water northward, where it cools, becomes denser, sinks, and then travels southward.
- Oceans absorb about 30 percent of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.
- Oxygen and hydrogen produced by splitting lunar water can be used together as rocket fuel.
- Along the U.S. Pacific Coast, coinciding positive and negative sea-level anomalies can demonstrate the interconnection between oceanic and atmospheric systems during climatic events such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
- Regional sea-level anomalies can indicate unusual water temperatures, salinities, average monthly winds, atmospheric pressures, and/or coastal currents.
- Early dental microwear data collection methods involved using a microscope to manually record individual microwear features.
- Conservation paleobiology is used to model future scenarios for species' range contraction or expansion.
- Conservation paleobiology addresses challenges in modern conservation biology, such as understanding the extinction risk of endangered species.
- Conservation paleobiology uses paleontological and geological data to understand how biotas respond to climate and other natural and anthropogenic environmental change.
- Conservation paleobiology is a field of paleontology that applies knowledge of the geological and paleoecological record to conservation and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
- BICEP and the Keck Array use cryogenic telescopes with arrays of detectors sensitive to several frequencies of microwave radiation.
- BICEP and the Keck Array are a series of cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments deployed near the South Pole.
- Many particles hypothesized in searches for new physics are theorized to interact feebly with matter.
- In a beam dump experiment, the dense target absorbs the primary particle beam and conventional lepton by-products of collisions.
- The term 'dump' in beam dump experiments is derived by analogy from the beam dumps used at particle accelerators.