Science
1254 verified facts in this category, showing 501–600.
- Delisting is considered possible for only 74% of the 1,173 species with recovery plans under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
- A 2000 study found that two-thirds of parents bringing children under 7 to city emergency rooms did not know the difference between concentrated infants' acetaminophen drops and other acetaminophen formulations.
- According to arXiv paper 2411.12990, most evaluated AI benchmarks do not allow their results to be easily replicated.
- Senior author Steven McCarroll said mice have 'nothing like' the newly identified primate interneuron.
- The newly discovered primate-specific interneuron is located in the striatum, a brain structure associated with cognition, reward, coordinated movement, Huntington's disease, and potentially schizophrenia.
- Researchers conducted a preregistered, high-powered direct replication of experiment 1 from the 2012 PNAS paper on signing location and honesty, and failed to replicate the original result.
- Gilbert, King, Pettigrew, and Wilson's comment states that correcting the statistical errors in the Open Science Collaboration article provides no evidence of a replication crisis in psychological science.
- The corrected evidence in Gilbert, King, Pettigrew, and Wilson's comment is described as consistent with psychological science reproducibility being statistically indistinguishable from 100%, while being insufficient to reliably estimate whether replicability actually is 100%.
- A study criticized for data leakage used anti-hypertensive-drug use as a feature to predict hypertension, even though that information would not be available when predicting the outcome for a new patient.
- In the Blair and Sambanis comparison, the proposed escalation model was not significantly better than four baseline models, with one-tailed test Z values of 0.64, 1.09, 0.42, and 0.67 and corresponding p values of 0.26, 0.14, 0.34, and 0.25.
- A survey identified data leakage in 22 papers across 17 research fields, collectively affecting 294 papers.
- People with XY chromosomes and androgen insensitivity syndrome, an intersex condition, can develop external sex characteristics typical of females.
- Under CDC's updated 2024 COVID-19 guidance, people may resume regular activities within 24 hours if they have been fever-free for at least 24 hours without medication and their symptoms are mild and improving.
- Up to 50% of hepatitis B cases are attributed to perinatal transmission from mother to infant, which can occur at or around birth.
- Hepatitis B cases in the United States have fallen by 99% since the birth dose vaccine was implemented in 1991.
- Short-term fasting may temporarily increase metabolic rate by increasing the release of norepinephrine, a fat-burning hormone.
- Fasting may trigger cells to initiate autophagy, the process of digesting and removing old or dysfunctional proteins.
- During fasting, human growth hormone (HGH) levels increase in the body.
- A longevity model identified brain neurons and heart muscle cells as major bottlenecks to life span because they divide little or not at all after adulthood.
- The FDA approved a rotavirus vaccine in fall 1998, but by July 1999 the CDC recommended it not be used due to increased cases of intussusception among vaccinated children.
- According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, rotavirus caused up to 50,000 hospitalizations and 20 to 40 deaths among children and adults each year.
- Red, blue, and purple dyes in gelatin, ice pops, or drinks can discolor the colon lining and make it harder for a doctor to see during a colonoscopy.
- Ingredients listing 'partially hydrogenated' oils indicate the presence of trans fats in a food product.
- Brain bleeding associated with lecanemab or donanemab can rarely cause death, while serious brain swelling from these drugs can rarely cause seizures and other symptoms.
- People who carry the APOE e4 form of the APOE gene appear to have a higher risk of serious brain-swelling and brain-bleeding complications from lecanemab or donanemab, and the FDA recommends testing for this gene before treatment.
- A single drug-use screening question about past-year illegal drug use or nonmedical prescription medication use was found to be 100% sensitive and 73.5% specific for detecting a drug use disorder in a primary-care setting.
- In a study of patients prescribed opioids after an emergency-department visit for acute pain, 92.5% reported having leftover pills, and 52.2% of prescribed pills were unused overall.
- In the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study, participants receiving lifestyle intervention had an average increase in life expectancy of 1.44 years (95% CI 0.20–2.68; p=0.023).
- In the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study, lifestyle intervention was associated with a lower incidence of microvascular complications (hazard ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.95; p=0.025).
- After accounting for total daily step count, researchers found no association between stepping intensity and risk of death.
- Taking 12,000 steps per day was associated with a 65% lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with taking 4,000 steps per day.
- In a study of approximately 4,800 U.S. adults aged 40 and older, taking 8,000 steps per day was associated with a 51% lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with taking 4,000 steps per day.
- Among US young adults aged 18–34, chronic-condition prevalence increased from 52.5% in 2013 to 59.5% in 2023, and multiple chronic condition prevalence increased from 21.8% to 27.1% over the same period.
- In 2023, 78.4% of US midlife adults aged 35–64 years (about 94.8 million people) reported at least 1 chronic condition.
- In 2023, obesity (27.3%) and depression (25.0%) were more frequently reported chronic conditions among US young adults than high cholesterol (16.3%), and obesity and depression saw the most significant prevalence increases from 2013 to 2023.
- In 2023, 27.1% of US young adults aged 18–34 years (about 19.9 million people) reported multiple chronic conditions (2 or more).
- Rapamycin extended lifespan in both male and female UM-HET3 mice, with females showing a greater benefit than males (Harrison et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2011, 2014).
- The NIA Interventions Testing Program found that acarbose significantly extended lifespan in both sexes of UM-HET3 mice, but the effect was much greater in males than in females (Harrison et al., 2014).
- According to a 2024 study by Garmany and Terzic, the global gap between healthspan and lifespan widened to 9.6 years over the preceding 20 years, with the United States showing the largest reported disparity at 12.4 years.
- The Younger Dryas Cold Event was named after the tundra wildflower Dryas octopetala, whose remains in Scandinavian lake sediments serve as a dating marker.
- Humans and North American megafauna coexisted in the northeastern United States for approximately 1,000 years.
- The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis was first proposed in 2007, but no crater from the proposed impact event has been found.
- The Younger Dryas cold period began about 12,900 years ago, when glacial temperatures returned within decades, and ended abruptly around 11,700 years ago after roughly 1,200 years.
- A scientific study on carbon spherules concluded the particles were of natural biological origin and unrelated to intense wildfires or cosmic impacts.
- Some elongated carbon spherules linked to the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis resemble modern fecal pellets produced by insects.
- Researchers detected carbon spherules in soil layers from before, during, and after the Younger Dryas, not only at the event's onset.
- The Younger Dryas was a period when glacial conditions returned across much of the Northern Hemisphere within about 1,000 years, coinciding with the disappearance of the Clovis people, mammoths, and giant bison.
- The 29-site sample examined by David Meltzer's team included plant-cultivating hunter-gatherer sites in Syria.
- A charred piece of bread from Pompeii was among the objects Willard Libby used to test radiocarbon dating.
- Willard Libby tested his radiocarbon dating theory using linen wrappings from the Dead Sea Scrolls.
- To test radiocarbon dating, Willard Libby borrowed objects with verified ages from museums, including a sandal found in an Oregon cave.
- The weight of glaciers depresses Earth's crust.
- A transient thermal maximum occurred near the Paleocene-Eocene boundary about 56 million years ago and was associated with a rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, possibly caused by massive outgassing and oxidation of methane hydrates from the ocean floor.
- The Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles of the last glacial period represent alternation between two climate states, with rapid transitions from one state to the other.
- During the Younger Dryas, an abrupt shutdown of thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic was associated with an influx of large volumes of freshwater from melting glaciers.
- The Younger Dryas event occurred from 12,900 to 11,600 years ago and produced estimated cooling of 4–8 °C (7.2–14.4 °F) in northern Europe and eastern North America.
- Evidence of advancing continental ice sheets during the Younger Dryas has been reported from the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Laurentide Ice Sheet, Cordilleran Ice Sheet, and Siberian Ice Sheet.
- The La Niña following the unusually strong 1997/98 El Niño lasted 33 months and spanned three winters.
- April 2016 was the 12th consecutive month to set a record as the warmest such month on record.
- A separate study using climate models and a century of ocean surface-temperature data concluded that AMOC weakening began in the mid-20th century and resulted from human-induced climate warming.
- Palaeo-oceanographic evidence from sediment cores indicates that Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has been anomalously weak over the past 150 years or so, since the end of the Little Ice Age around AD 1850.
- Researchers used fossil foraminifera species in sediment cores as indicators of past ocean temperatures, since some species prefer warm water while others favor cooler conditions.
- Researchers reconstructed past AMOC strength by measuring sediment-grain sizes in ocean-floor cores, since stronger currents can transport larger sediment grains.
- The North Atlantic cold blob can disturb the atmospheric jet stream and storm activity, with implications for extreme weather events in North America and Europe.
- The Greenland Ice Sheet, the largest mass of ice in the Northern Hemisphere, is losing about 267 billion tons of ice per year.
- Temperature data for the sea just south of Greenland dates back to 1870.
- The AMOC has been continually monitored in one form or another only since 2004.
- Satellite data showed that California coastal winds weakened during the Pacific Blob enough to prevent cold upwelling water from breaking through the unusually warm surface water.
- Chelle Gentemann compared the Pacific Blob with sea-surface-temperature records dating back to 1910 and found its magnitude and duration were unprecedented in that historical record.
- According to NOAA, ocean pH has fallen by 0.1 units over the past 200 years, making ocean waters 30 percent more acidic.
- Film director James Cameron made a solo descent to Challenger Deep in 2012.
- At the lunar south pole, nighttime can last for 14 Earth days.
- Evidence suggests that life on Earth emerged prior to 3.7 billion years ago.
- Dental microwear analysis has been used to investigate weaning practices in past human populations.
- Dental microwear analysis can be used to infer non-masticatory behaviors, such as the use of teeth as tools.
- The current field of conservation paleobiology was established by the work of K.W. Flessa and G.P. Dietl during the first decade of the 21st century.
- Primordial gravitational waves are predicted by 'slow roll' models of cosmic inflation.
- Because most Standard Model particles are absorbed in the dump, beam dump experiments are also suitable for studying weakly interacting particles like neutrinos.
- The entropy of a gas is an example of an adiabatic invariant.
- The first observation of above-threshold ionization was made using xenon gas.
- Above-threshold ionization (ATI) is a multi-photon effect in which an atom is ionized by absorbing more than the minimum number of photons energetically required for ionization.
- Cenograms have become common in the study of prehistoric fauna of the northern hemisphere.
- A cenogram is a graphical comparison of the average adult weight of mammalian species within a terrestrial area.
- Georges Cuvier demonstrated evidence for the concept of extinction in 1796.
- Reported ball lightning sizes vary from pea-sized to several meters in diameter.
- The lightning hypothesis for ashen light has fallen out of favor because lightning does not generate enough light to be observed as ashen light.
- A more recent hypothesis proposes that Venus's ashen light is a form of transient aurorae or airglow.
- The lightning-based explanation for Venus's ashen light has fallen out of favor because the lightning does not generate enough light to be observed.
- There is some evidence of lightning occurring on Venus.
- The phenomenon of ashen light on Venus has not been scientifically confirmed.
- One modern hypothesis links Venus's ashen light to lightning activity on the planet.
- Proposed explanations for Venus's ashen light include emission of light by Venus itself and optical phenomena occurring within the observing telescope.
- The number 1729 is known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number because it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways.
- The number 1729 is known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number due to a famous anecdote involving mathematicians G. H. Hardy and Srinivasa Ramanujan.
- Within the Mathematics Subject Classification, subsection 01A67 is titled 'Future prospectives'.
- In the first half of the 1st millennium BC, Italy's climate was more humid and cool than it is today.
- During the first half of the 1st millennium BC, the presently arid southern regions of Italy received more precipitation than they do now.
- Aspect's experiment offered an experimental answer to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox.
- Aspect's experiment was the first quantum mechanics experiment to demonstrate the violation of Bell's inequalities with photons using distant detectors.
- Antiprotons at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator are created by impinging a proton beam from the Proton Synchrotron on an iridium target.