Science
1254 verified facts in this category, showing 201–300.
- The reduction in amyloid deposits from estrogen skin patch use was most apparent among women carrying the APOE e4 genotype, a genetic variant associated with greater risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
- Women who received estrogen through a skin patch had lower brain amyloid deposition than women who received a placebo, while oral estrogen was not associated with lower amyloid deposition.
- NASA's Operation IceBridge radar and laser surveys in 2015 revealed a bowl-shaped depression in the bedrock beneath Greenland's Hiawatha Glacier.
- Ben Garrod, co-presenter of the BBC special 'The Day the Dinosaurs Died,' stated that the dinosaurs' extinction depended on where the asteroid hit, rather than the asteroid's size, the scale of the blast, or its global reach.
- The sulfur cloud from the asteroid impact blocked out the Sun and caused a 'global winter' that lasted more than a decade.
- The Gulf of Mexico's shallower waters at the impact site produced a dense cloud containing as much as 100 billion tons of vaporized sulfur.
- The absolute value of price changes in the U.S. fluctuated between 6 and 8 percent before 2020 and mostly between 7 and 8 percent after 2020, despite inflation's sharp rise in 2021-2022.
- Because of CPI index rounding, the smallest possible change in the late-1950s index translated into an approximately 4-percentage-point swing in annualized 1-month inflation, while by the early 1980s the equivalent effect was roughly one-third as large.
- U.S. inflation volatility in the 1990s and early 2000s was not much different from its level in the 1960s; the decline relative to the 1960s occurred only at quarterly and monthly frequencies.
- Wastewater pumped into deep disposal wells can trigger earthquakes, as documented in Oklahoma, Texas, and Ohio.
- The USGS estimate of 143 million Americans at earthquake risk is almost twice the 75 million cited in a similar 2006 study.
- The median number of individuals required for recovery under U.S. Endangered Species Act recovery plans is 2,400, exceeding species' abundances at the time of listing for 93% of species.
- The median number of populations required for delisting under the U.S. Endangered Species Act is at or below historical population numbers for 64% of species.
- Well-recorded earthquakes up to magnitude 6.6 on shallow continental creeping faults produce fault-surface rupture areas similar to those of locked faults with the same magnitude.
- The 1995 American Institute for Research evaluation concluded that some remote-viewing results were accurate enough to defy randomness, but the phenomenon was too unreliable, inconsistent, and sporadic to be useful for intelligence purposes.
- At a 2009 FDA advisory-panel meeting, members voted 36-1 to recommend that children's acetaminophen products be made in a single concentration, but the FDA never made that requirement mandatory.
- Italian researchers released 150,000 baby octopuses into the Adriatic Sea as an effort to fight invasive crabs.
- A European fertility group has called for an international cap on sperm-donor contributions after some donor-conceived people discovered they have hundreds of biological siblings.
- The newly discovered interneuron accounts for approximately one-third of all interneurons in the primate striatum.
- Researchers identified a previously unknown type of interneuron found only in primates, not in ferrets, mice, or other studied species.
- A U.S. version of the affirmative-action replication study essentially reproduced the original result, but the Open Science Collaboration excluded this successful U.S. replication and included only the failed University of Amsterdam replication in its estimate of psychology's reproducibility.
- Harvard researchers Daniel Gilbert, Gary King, and Stephen Pettigrew, along with University of Virginia professor Timothy Wilson, calculated that the number of failed replications in the OSC study was no greater than would be expected by chance, even if all 100 original findings were true.
- The Open Science Collaboration, a consortium of 270 scientists, attempted to replicate 100 published psychology studies and found that more than half of the replications failed.
- In a systematic review of civil-war prediction research, every paper claiming that complex machine-learning models outperformed older statistical models failed to reproduce because of data leakage.
- Ovotestes are gonads that contain both ovarian and testicular tissue, and some people have ovaries that do not produce eggs or testes that do not produce sperm.
- About 90% of newborns infected with hepatitis B perinatally develop chronic infection, and one in four of those infected will die prematurely from liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- In aging simulations, liver function often remained intact for tens of thousands of years because liver cells can regenerate.
- The original rotavirus vaccine was withdrawn from the market by its manufacturer, Wyeth Ayerst Laboratories, after only one year.
- A food product labeled '0 g trans fat' may still legally contain up to 0.5 grams of trans fat per serving.
- In a small (n=9) phase I open-label clinical trial, a 3-day oral course of dasatinib plus quercetin reduced senescent-cell markers in adipose tissue and skin of people with diabetic kidney disease.
- People who lived to ages 95–112 developed cancer, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and stroke up to 24 years later than people with average lifespans.
- In human fat samples obtained directly from the operating room, senolytic drugs eliminated senescent cells within 48 hours.
- Older mice developed frailty and reduced survival from fewer transplanted senescent cells than younger mice did.
- The lifespan extension from senolytic drugs in aged mice did not come at the cost of a prolonged period of frailty at the end of life; deaths from age-related diseases occurred later.
- In mice with natural aging equivalent to about 80 human years, an oral mixture of senolytic drugs extended lifespan by 36% compared to the norm for that type of mouse.
- Among patients receiving long-term opioid prescriptions exceeding 90 days, the adjusted odds ratio for a new opioid use disorder diagnosis was 15 at 1–36 MME/day, 29 at 36–120 MME/day, and 122 at ≥120 MME/day, compared with no opioid prescription.
- In 2023, 59.5% of US young adults aged 18–34 years (about 43.7 million people) reported at least 1 of 12 selected chronic conditions.
- Among commercially insured patients with a previous opioid overdose, repeated overdose within 2 years occurred in 17% of those prescribed 100 MME/day or more, 15% of those prescribed 50–100 MME/day, 9% of those prescribed less than 50 MME/day, and 8% of those prescribed no opioids.
- Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) failed to extend lifespan in female mice even at doses producing blood levels similar to those in males, and extended lifespan only in males (Harrison et al., 2014).
- Across every intervention and control group in three separate mouse studies, the estimated rate of vitality decline was consistently lower than the rate of survival decline; for example, female mice on 40% caloric restriction had a mean vitality-decline rate of 0.00011 compared to a survival-decline rate of 0.00079.
- Researchers found glass spherules in sediment from Yvonne Malinowski's backyard in Melrose, Pennsylvania, containing flecks of pure iron indicating formation at temperatures above 2,000°C (about 3,600°F).
- Harvard researchers calculated that distributing approximately 30 parts per trillion of platinum worldwide would have required a meteorite about half a mile across, large enough to leave a substantial crater.
- In the Greenland ice core studied by Petaev and colleagues, platinum concentration increased by more than a hundredfold over roughly 20 years before subsiding.
- A Greenland ice-core study by Michail Petaev, Shichun Huang, Stein Jacobsen, and Alan Zindler found almost no iridium but detected a pronounced platinum spike beginning exactly 12,900 years ago.
- Andrew C. Scott's research team found that fungal spores have microscopic features similar to those previously attributed to nanodiamonds.
- Most carbon spherules once attributed to a cosmic impact closely resemble tightly packed balls of fungus found in modern soils exposed to low-to-moderate heat during wildfires.
- Only 3 of the 29 archaeological sites re-examined by David Meltzer's team had dates falling within the onset of the Younger Dryas.
- Lightning was ruled out as the source of Abu Hureyra's melt glass because lightning produces magnetic imprints that were absent from the samples.
- Abu Hureyra's melt glass contained molten quartz, chromferide, and magnetite grains, minerals that melt only at temperatures between 1,720°C and 2,200°C.
- Isotope data indicates that central Greenland was nearly 14 °C (24.5 °F) colder during the Younger Dryas than it is today.
- At some GRIP/GISP2 sites near the summit of Greenland, annual snow and ice layers can be traced back more than 40,000 years, similar to counting tree rings.
- During the Younger Dryas, forests were replaced by tundra vegetation even though many parts of the tropics and Southern Hemisphere became warmer and wetter.
- The AMOC has weakened by approximately 15–20 percent during the last 150 years.
- The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), an ocean-current system that helps keep Europe warm, is currently the weakest it has been in more than 1,600 years.
- A Penn State study published in Science Advances on June 30 found that ocean processes and atmospheric processes contribute equally to maintaining the North Atlantic cold blob.
- Climate records preserved in Greenlandic ice show that Earth's last ice age included about 25 periods of abrupt climate change, with temperature spikes occurring over decades followed by gradual cooling in the North Atlantic.
- A statistical-model study using temperature data from the northern Atlantic region concluded that an AMOC shutdown could occur between 2025 and 2095.
- Satellite data showed that California coastal winds weakened enough to prevent cold upwelling water from breaking through the warm surface water during the Pacific 'Blob', even though ocean-buoy pressure data appeared to show normal wind behavior.
- The Aharonov–Bohm effect is illustrated experimentally through interference experiments.
- The underlying mechanism of the Aharonov–Bohm effect is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wave function.
- Cenograms are used in studying ancient communities to draw conclusions about a biome, including whether it is species rich, its relative humidity, and its level of forestation.
- The transient aurorae/airglow hypothesis attributes ashen light to unusually high solar activity interacting with the upper Venusian atmosphere.
- Ashen light is a subtle glow that has been reported by observers on the night side of the planet Venus.
- Archimedes used methods involving infinitesimals to calculate areas and volumes long before the formal development of calculus.
- Nicolas Bourbaki is a collective pseudonym used by a group of mostly French mathematicians who wrote influential treatises on modern advanced mathematics starting in the 1930s.
- The Alais meteorite contains organic compounds.
- The black drop effect hampered efforts to obtain a precise value of the astronomical unit during the 1769 transit of Venus observations.
- Scientists attempted to measure the astronomical unit by observing the transit of Venus in 1769.
- George Biddell Airy, who served as Astronomer Royal at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, organized five separate expeditions to observe the 1874 transit of Venus.
- On December 8, 1874, British scientists conducted an astronomical expedition to observe the transit of Venus from three separate sites in the Hawaiian Islands.
- Multiple countries sent scientific expeditions around the world to observe the 1874 transit of Venus.
- French scientists traveled to Campbell Island to observe the 1874 transit of Venus.
- In h-calculus, the original mathematical object is recovered by taking the limit as the parameter h tends to 0 of the h-analog.
- The two types of calculus within quantum calculus are q-calculus and h-calculus.
- Glass is technically an amorphous solid, not a liquid, and old windows are thicker at the bottom due to manufacturing methods, not because glass flows over time.
- According to HBSC-Italia 2022 survey data, more than half of adolescents report having taken at least one medication in the last month.
- Most classic and widely used behavioral metrics in rodent behavioral neuroscience were originally developed using male animals.
- Robert J. Vallerand has published over 450 scientific articles and chapters that have been cited over 110,000 times.
- From January 1 to October 8, 2024, Italy's national surveillance system recorded 82 confirmed cases of Toscana Virus infection.
- In 2024, the largest outbreak of locally transmitted Dengue virus in Italy was located in the Marche region.
- In Euclid's image of an Einstein ring around galaxy NGC 6505, the ring's light comes from a background galaxy 4.42 billion light-years from Earth.
- Before Euclid's observations, astronomers had identified about 1,000 strong gravitational lenses over decades of modern sky observation.
- The ethanolamine detection was made in the molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027, located near the center of the Milky Way.
- Before the discovery of ethanolamine, the same research group had made the first detections in space of the molecules hydroxylamine and thioformic acid.
- A study compared bottlenose dolphin genomes from the mid-Holocene, dated to between 8,610 and 5,626 years before present, with genomes from contemporary coastal and pelagic bottlenose dolphin ecotypes.
- A new theoretical calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon's magnetic moment, published in Nature, reduces the gap between theory and experimental measurement.
- In the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, both surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica.
- Borrelia mayonii was identified in blacklegged ticks collected in at least two counties in northwestern Wisconsin.
- The rate of sea surface temperature rise near Japan is more than double the global average rate of sea surface temperature rise (+0.62°C per 100 years).
- In the D-ICE experiment, although icing produced large instantaneous measurement errors, errors in monthly averages were surprisingly small.
- According to the CDC, hearing damage can occur after one minute of exposure to a siren, compared with two hours of exposure to a leaf blower.
- The cost of treating hearing loss in older adults was projected to reach $51 billion by 2030.
- A CDC analysis of 3,583 adults ages 20–69 who took hearing tests in 2011–2012 found that nearly 1 in 4 had hearing damage.
- More than 2 in 5 U.S. adults have prediabetes.
- The climbing-adapted hominin species identified from the Ethiopian foot fossil lived during the same period as Australopithecus afarensis, the species known as Lucy.
- There are 293 ways to make change for a dollar.
- Scientists used both NASA's Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes together for the first time to study far-flung Trans-Neptunian Objects, including some of the smallest and faintest ever directly seen, and found fewer small TNOs than expected.
- Astronomers using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope discovered a previously hidden giant exoplanet in the Beta Pictoris system, which was already known to contain the giant planets Beta Pictoris b and Beta Pictoris c.
- NASA's Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes directly studied trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and found fewer small TNOs than expected.
- Using archival Hubble Space Telescope data supported by James Webb Space Telescope observations, astronomers located the first stellar-mass black hole found in the star cluster Omega Centauri.